Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 7: The Grasshopper

Performer: LibriVox - Claire Schreuder


'The Grasshopper Who Wouldn't Be Scared' from Among the Meadow People by Clara Dillingham Pierson

There were more Ants in the meadow than there were of any other kind of insects. In their family there were not only Ants, but great-aunts, cousins, nephews, and nieces, until it made one sleepy to think how many relatives each Ant had. Yet they were small people and never noisy, so perhaps the Grasshoppers seemed to be the largest family there.

There were many different families of Grasshoppers, but they were all related. Some had short horns, or feelers, and red legs; and some had long horns. Some lived in the lower part of the meadow where it was damp, and some in the upper part. The Katydids, who really belong to this family, you know, stayed in trees and did not often sing in the daytime. Then there were the great Road Grasshoppers who lived only in places where the ground was bare and dusty, and whom you could hardly see unless they were flying. When they lay in the dust their wide wings were hidden and they showed only that part of their bodies which was dust-color. Let the farmer drive along, however, and they rose into the air with a gentle, whirring sound and fluttered to a safe place. Then one could see them plainly, for their large under wings were black with yellow edges.

Perhaps those Grasshoppers who were best known in the meadow were the Clouded Grasshoppers, large dirty-brown ones with dark spots, who seemed to be everywhere during the autumn. The fathers and brothers in this family always crackled their wings loudly when they flew anywhere, so one could never forget that they were around.

It was strange that they were always spoken of as Grasshoppers. Their great-great-great-grandparents were called Locusts, and that was the family name, but the Cicadas liked that name and wanted it for themselves, and made such a fuss about it that people began to call them Seventeen-Year-Locusts; and then because they had to call the real Locusts something else, they called them Grasshoppers. The Grasshoppers didn't mind this. They were jolly and noisy, and as they grew older were sometimes very pompous. And you know what it is to be pompous.

When the farmer was drawing the last loads of hay to his barn and putting them away in the great mows there, three young Clouded Grasshopper brothers were frolicking near the wagon. They had tried to see who could run the fastest, crackle the loudest, spring the highest, flutter the farthest, and eat the most. There seemed to be nothing more to do. They couldn't eat another mouthful, the other fellows wouldn't play with them, they wouldn't play with their sisters, and they were not having any fun at all.

They were sitting on a haycock, watching the wagon as it came nearer and nearer. The farmer was on top and one of his men was walking beside it. Whenever they came to a haycock the farmer would stop the Horses, the man would run a long-handled, shining pitchfork into the hay on the ground and throw it up to the farmer. Then it would be trampled down on to the load, the farmer's wife would rake up the scattering hay which was left on the ground, and that would be thrown up also.

The biggest Clouded Grasshopper said to his brothers, "You dare not sit still while they put this hay on the load!"

The smallest Clouded Grasshopper said, "I do too!"

The second brother said, "Huh! Guess I dare do anything you do!" He said it in a rather mean way, and that may have been because he had eaten too much. Overeating will make any insect cross.

Now every one of them was afraid, but each waited for the others to back out. While they were waiting, the wagon stopped beside them, the shining fork was run into the hay, and they were shaken and stood on their heads and lifted through the air on to the wagon. There they found themselves all tangled up with hay in the middle of the load. It was dark and they could hardly breathe. There were a few stems of nettles in the hay, and they had to crawl away from them. It was no fun at all, and they didn't talk very much.

When the wagon reached the barn, they were pitched into the mow with the hay, and then they hopped and fluttered around until they were on the floor over the Horses' stalls. They sat together on the floor and wondered how they could ever get back to the meadow. Because they had come in the middle of the load, they did not know the way.

"Oh!" said they. "Who are those four-legged people over there?"

"Kittens!" sang a Swallow over their heads. "Oh, tittle-ittle-ittle-ee!"

The Clouded Grasshoppers had never seen Kittens. It is true that the old Cat often went hunting in the meadow, but that was at night, when Grasshoppers were asleep.

"Meouw!" said the Yellow Kitten. "Look at those strange little brown people on the floor. Let's each catch one."

So the Kittens began crawling slowly over the floor, keeping their bodies and tails low, and taking very short steps. Not one of them took his eyes off the Clouded Grasshopper whom he meant to catch. Sometimes they stopped and crouched and watched, then they went on, nearer, nearer, nearer, still, while the Clouded Grasshoppers were more and more scared and wished they had never left the meadow where they had been so safe and happy.

At last the Kittens jumped, coming down with their sharp little claws just where the Clouded Grasshoppers had been. The Clouded Grasshoppers had jumped too, but they could not stay long in the air, and when they came down the Kittens jumped again. So it went until the poor Clouded Grasshoppers were very, very tired and could not jump half so far as they had done at first. Sometimes the Kittens even tried to catch them while they were fluttering, and each time they came a little nearer than before. They were so tired that they never thought of leaping up on the wall of the barn where the Kittens couldn't reach them.

At last the smallest Clouded Grasshopper called to his brothers, "Let us chase the Kittens."

The brothers answered, "They're too big."

The smallest Grasshopper, who had always been the brightest one in the family, called back, "We may scare them if they are big."

Then all the Clouded Grasshoppers leaped toward the Kittens and crackled their wings and looked very, very fierce. And the Kittens ran away as fast as they could. They were in such a hurry to get away that the Yellow Kitten tumbled over the White Kitten and they rolled on the floor in a furry little heap. The Clouded Grasshoppers leaped again, and the Kittens scrambled away to their nest in the hay, and stood against the wall and raised their backs and their pointed little tails, and opened their pink mouths and spat at them, and said, "Ha-ah-h-h!"

"There!" said the smallest Clouded Grasshopper to them, "we won't do anything to you this time, because you are young and don't know very much, but don't you ever bother one of us again. We might have hopped right on to you, and then what could you have done to help yourselves?"

The Clouded Grasshoppers started off to find their way back to the meadow, and the frightened Kittens looked at each other and whispered: "Just supposing they had hopped on to us! What could we have done!"

    Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 7: The Grasshopper

Performer: LibriVox - Claire Schreuder

Directions

Study the lesson for one week.

Over the week:

  • Read the story.
  • Review the animal synopsis.
  • Study the vocabulary words.
  • Learn the concepts.
  • Complete the enrichment activities.
  • Study the review questions.

Synopsis

Like fireflies, butterflies, bees, mosquitoes, dragonflies, and beetles, grasshoppers are insects. When any creature has unusually strong hind legs, we may be sure it is a jumper, and grasshoppers show this peculiarity at first glance. The front legs are short, the middle legs a trifle longer, and the femur of the hind leg is nearly as long as the entire body. The hind leg contains many powerful muscles which have the appearance of being braided. Each grasshopper foot consists of three segments and a claw. Surrounding the claws are oval pads equipped with microscopic hairs, called tenent hairs, which secrete a sticky fluid and enable grasshoppers to climb vertical surfaces. Grasshoppers feed upon grass and other herbage and are especially fitted for living in grassy fields. Their color protects them from being spotted and eaten by their enemies, the birds. Since so many species of birds feed upon grasshoppers, their leaping power is much needed for escape. However, when grasshoppers make a longer journeys they use their wings. Grasshoppers have some means of defense as well as of escape; they can give a painful nip with their mandibles; and when seized, emit copiously from their mouths a brownish liquid which is acrid and ill smelling. This performance interests children, who are wont to seize grasshoppers by their jumping legs and hold them up, commanding them to "chew tobacco." In some areas of the world, grasshoppers provide a source of food for people. In Mexico, grasshoppers are served with tortillas and chili sauce. Grasshoppers may also be fried into a crunchy snack.

Vocabulary

Microscopic: So tiny as to be visible only with a microscope.
Mandibles: The jaw or a jawbone, especially the lower jawbone in mammals and fishes.
Acrid: Having an irritatingly strong and unpleasant taste or smell.
Ovipositor: A tubular organ through which a female insect or fish deposits eggs.

Concepts

Facts about grasshopper reproduction:

  1. Female grasshoppers lay eggs with ovipositors. Some female grasshoppers lay their eggs within deep holes in the ground or in decaying wood. After placing eggs in a hole, female grasshoppers cover the hiding place with a gummy substance so that no intruders or robbers find and eat the eggs. See below an image of a grasshopper using her ovipositor to lay an egg in a hole.
  2. Most species of grasshoppers pass the winter in the egg stage. Sometimes we find in early spring young grasshoppers which hatched in the fall. They seem as spry as if they had not been frozen stiff all winter.
  3. Unlike butterflies which undergo complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers do not become caterpillars or spin chrysalises.
  4. Instead, grasshoppers undergo incomplete metamorphosis. Incomplete metamorphosis means that baby grasshoppers emerge from the egg looking like a smaller version of its parent, except that it has a very large head and a funny little body.

Enrichment

Activity 1: Narrate the Story

  • After reading or listening to the story, narrate the story events aloud using your own words.

Activity 2: Watch the Video

  • Look at and hear a grasshopper. Grasshoppers make sounds by rubbing a hind leg against a wing.
  • Note its long hind legs, eyes, antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen.

Activity 3: Classify the Animal

  • Grasshoppers are animals, invertebrates, arthropods, and insects.
  • Trace which categories grasshoppers fit into on the classification chart.

Activity 4: Make a Jumping Grasshopper

  • Zoom in to read the directions below to make your own jumping grasshopper.

Activity 5: Study Grasshopper Anatomy

  • Study the labeled image of the grasshopper below.
  • Find the following parts of the grasshopper: wings, hind leg, middle leg, front leg, antenna, eyes, claws, ovipositor.

Activity 6: Color and Label a Grasshopper   

  • Click the crayon above. Complete page 17 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Activity 7: Take a Nature Walk

Take a nature walk, locate a grasshopper or other animal to observe, gather data and notes, and use that information to create a field book entry. You may wish to take a pencil and a small notebook to jot down sketches and observations. If you can't find a grasshopper, you may sketch a different animal or make a sketch based on the video in Activity 2.

Before you take the nature walk, review:

  • The field book template you'll later complete on page 18 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'
  • The suggested list of observations below.

Behavioral observations include:

  • How does the grasshopper move?
  • How does the grasshopper eat?
  • What does the grasshopper eat?
  • How does the grasshopper sense the world?

Habitat observations include:

  • Does the grasshopper live in a forest, a field, a town, or near water?
  • In what type of climate does the grasshopper live (e.g. temperate, tropical, arid, arctic)?

Appearance observations include:

  • What colors are the wings?
  • What colors are the eyes and body?
  • How many legs does the grasshopper have?
  • How many antennae does the grasshopper have?

Activity 8: Complete a Field Book Entry   

  • Click the crayon above. After your nature walk, complete page 18 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Review

Question 1

How do grasshoppers escape being eaten by birds?
1 / 8

Answer 1

Grasshoppers can use their powerful legs to jump away from birds. If captured, the grasshopper 'spits tobacco,' spitting out a bitter tasting brown substance distasteful to birds.
1 / 8

Question 2

How do grasshoppers travel long distances?
2 / 8

Answer 2

Grasshoppers fly long distances using their wings.
2 / 8

Question 3

Do grasshoppers hibernate during cold winters?
3 / 8

Answer 3

Grasshoppers typically pass cold winters as eggs, but some young grasshoppers do hibernate over the winter.
3 / 8

Question 4

Where do mother grasshoppers lay their eggs?
4 / 8

Answer 4

Female grasshoppers use their ovipositors to lay their eggs in deep holes in the ground or rotten wood.
4 / 8

Question 5

Do grasshoppers hatch into caterpillars?
5 / 8

Answer 5

No, grasshoppers hatch from eggs as small versions of adult grasshoppers, only with a larger head.
5 / 8

Question 6

Do grasshoppers spin chrysalises?
6 / 8

Answer 6

No, grasshoppers undergo incomplete metamorphosis. They do not become caterpillars that spin chrysalises.
6 / 8

Question 7

What do grasshoppers eat?
7 / 8

Answer 7

Grasshoppers eat grass and other vegetation.
7 / 8

Question 8

How do grasshoppers cling to vertical surfaces?
8 / 8

Answer 8

Grasshoppers have tenent hairs on their feet which secrete a sticky fluid.
8 / 8

  1. How do grasshoppers escape being eaten by birds? Grasshoppers can use their powerful legs to jump away from birds. If captured, the grasshopper 'spits tobacco,' spitting out a bitter tasting brown substance distasteful to birds.
  2. How do grasshoppers travel long distances? Grasshoppers fly long distances using their wings.
  3. Do grasshoppers hibernate during cold winters? Grasshoppers typically pass cold winters as eggs, but some young grasshoppers do hibernate over the winter.
  4. Where do mother grasshoppers lay their eggs? Female grasshoppers use their ovipositors to lay their eggs in deep holes in the ground or rotten wood.
  5. Do grasshoppers hatch into caterpillars? No, grasshoppers hatch from eggs as small versions of adult grasshoppers, only with a larger head.
  6. Do grasshoppers spin chrysalises? No, grasshoppers undergo incomplete metamorphosis. They do not become caterpillars that spin chrysalises.
  7. What do grasshoppers eat? Grasshoppers eat grass and other vegetation.
  8. How do grasshoppers cling to vertical surfaces? Grasshoppers have tenent hairs on their feet which secrete a sticky fluid.

References

  1. Comstock, Anna Botsford. Handbook of nature-study (Twenty-fourth edition). Ithaca, New York Comstock Publishing Company, Inc, 1911.
  2. 'Grasshopper.' Wikipedia. Wikipedia.org. n.p.